KIẾN THỨC TIẾNG ANH THCS

Tæng hîp KiÕn thøc tiÕng anh THCS

A - Tenses ( C¸c th× )

I. Th× hiÖn t¹i ®¬n gi¶n ( The present simple )

1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng lÆp ®i lËp l¹i chë thµnh thãi quen.

DiÔn t¶ mét sù thËt hiÓn nhiªn.

2. H×nh thøc cña ®éng tõ

a. §éng tõ ( To be ): Th×, lµ, ë: Cã 3 d¹ng: am, is, are

( + ) I - am ( - ) I am not ( ? ) Are you…..?

+ Yes, I am

+ No, I am not

( + ) She - is ( - ) She is not/isn't ( ? ) Is she…….?

He - is + Yes, she is

It - is + No, she isn't

1 tªn riªng ( Lan ) - is

( + ) You - are ( - ) You are not/aren't ( ? ) Are you/they…..?

We - are + Yes, they are

They - are + No, they aren't

2 tªn riªng - are

VD1: ( + ) I am a student.

( - ) I am not a student

( ? ) Are you a student?

+ Yes, I am

+ No, I am not

VD2: ( +) She is a student.

( - )She isn't a student

( ? ) Is she a student?

+ Yes, she is

+ No, she isn't

VD3: Lan is a student.

VD4: ( + ) They are students.

( - ) They aren't students

( ? ) Are they student?

+ Yes, they are

+ No, they aren't

b. §éng tõ thêng ( V )

S + V- nguyªn víi S: I, You, We, They, 2 tªn riªng

VD: I play soccer

They play soccer

Huy and Hung play soccer

S + V-s/es víi S: She, He, It, 1 tªn riªng

VD: She plays soccer.

He gets up at 6.

* C¸c ®éng tõ kÕt thóc b»ng o, x, ch, sh, z ta ph¶i thªm "es" ®èi víi c¸c ng«i sè Ýt.

VD: go => goes : §i She goes to school every day.

do => does : Lµm

watch => watches: Xem He always watches TV.

wash => washes: Röa, géi….

3. C¸c tr¹ng tõ ®i kÌm:

- 5 tr¹ng tõ chØ tÇn xuÊt:

+ Always: Lu«n lu«n

+ Usually: Lu«n

+ Opfen: Thêng

+ Sometimes: thØnh tho¶ng

+ Never: Kh«ng bao giê

- Frequently: Thêng

- Constantly: ThØnh tho¶ng

- Occasionally: ThØnh tho¶ng

- Seldom. Rarely: HiÕm

- Every day/ week/month/year..: H»ng….

II- Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn ( The present continuos tense )

1.DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra t¹i thêi ®iÓm nãi

2. H×nh thøc cña ®éng tõ:

S + be + V-ing Be: am, is, are

Vd: I am doing my home work.

Lan is skipping.

- ThÓ phñ ®Þnh: Thªm "not" vµo sau ®éng tõ "to be".

Vd: I am not doing my home work.

- ThÓ nghi vÊn: §¶o ®éng tõ "to be" lªn ®Çu c©u.

3. C¸c tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian:

- Now: b©y giê

- At the moment

- At present

* Quy t¾c thªm ®u«i "-ing".

- NÕu tËn cïng cña ®éng tõ lµ "e" ta bá "e" tríc khi thªm ®u«i "-ing".

Vd: come => coming

- NÕu ®éng tõ cã 1 ®Õn 2 ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc lµ mét nguyªn ©m, ë gi÷a lµ hai phô ©m, träng ©m r¬i vµo hai ©m tiÕt cuèi th× ta nh©n ®«i phô ©m cuèi. " + ing".

Vd: begin => beginning

- NÕu ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng lµ mét phô ©m, tríc ®ã lµ mét nguyªn ©m duy nhÊt=> gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi tríc khi thªm ®u«i " ing "

Vd: run => running

* Ta kh«ng dïng th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn víi c¸c ®éng tõ chØ c¶m gi¸c, tri gi¸c, nhËn thøc nh:

- To be: th×, lµ, ë

- see: nh×n

- hear: nghe

- understand: hiÓu

- know: biÕt

- like: thÝch

- want: muèn

- feel: c¶m thÊy

- smell: ngöi

- love: yªu

- hate: ghÐt

- seem: dêng nh

- remember: nhí

- forget: quªn

- beliver: tin tëng….

III - Th× t¬ng lai gÇn ( near future ) ( Th× t¬ng lai dù ®Þnh ) ( Going to )

1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ch¾c ch¾n sÏ xÈy ra trong t¬ng lai

2. H×nh thøc ®éng tõ:

S + Be ( am, is, are ) + going to + V-nguyªn

Vd1: I'm going to buy a big hous next year.

Vd2: She is going to do the home work tonight.

3. C¸c tr¹ng tõ:

- tonight: tèi nay

- tomorrow: ngµy mai

- Some day: vµi ngµy n÷a

- Soon: ch¼ng bao l©u n÷a

- Next: tíi

IV. Th× t¬ng lai ®¬n: (The simple future)

1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng sÏ x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai (kh«ng ch¾c ch¾n b»ng th× t¬ng lai gÇn)

2. From:

S + Will + V - nguyªn

3. Advs:( Dïng nh c¸c tr¹ng tõ cña th× t¬ng lai gÇn )

- tonight: tèi nay

- tomorrow: ngµy mai

- Some day: vµi ngµy n÷a

- Soon: ch¼ng bao l©u n÷a

- Next: tíi

* Th× t¬ng lai ®¬n cßn ®îc dïng ®Ó nãi lªn lêi mêi, lêi høa, hoÆc lêi yªu cÇu trong c¸c ng÷ c¶nh kh¸c nhau.

Vd: I will be here in some minutÐ.

V. Th× qu¸ khø ®¬n: (The simple past)

1. Usage:

DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ hoµn tÊt trong qu¸ khø.

2. From:

a. to be: cã 2 d¹ng was/ were

S: she, he, it, 1 tªn riªng + was

S: You, We, They, 2 tªn riªng + were

b. §éng tõ thêng

+ §éng tõ cã quy t¾c:

S + V-ed

Vd: Lan watched T.V last night.

+ §éng tõ bÊt quy t¾c:

S + V(cét 2)

Vd: Yesterday, they went to Ha Noi.

3. Adv:

- yesterday: h«m qua

- last: ®· qua

+ last night: tèi qua

+ last week: tuÇn tríc

+ last month: th¸ng tríc

+ last year: n¨m ngo¸i

+ last Sunday: chñ nhËt tríc

- ago: tríc ®©y

- in + mèc thêi gian trong qu¸ khø ( in 1998 )

* Quy t¾c thªm "ed".

- C¸c ®éng tõ kÕt thóc b»ng "e" chØ thªm "d"

Vd: die => died: chÕt

- C¸c ®éng tõ kÕt thóc b»ng 1 phô ©m tríc ®ã lµ 1 nguyªn ©m duy nhÊt => gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi => "ed"

Vd:Stop => Stoped: dõng l¹i

- NÕu ®éng tõ tËn cïng lµ "y" tríc ®ã lµ phô ©m "y" => "i" + "ed"

Vd: study => studied: häc

- §éng tõ cã 2 ©m tiÕt, tËn cïng lµ mét nguyªn ©m ë gi÷a.

Vd: Permit => permitted: Cho phÐp, thõa nhËn.

2 phô ©m => gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi + "ed".

- NÕu ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng "l" tríc ®ã lµ 1 nguyªn ©m ®¬n gÊp ®«i "l" + "ed".

Vd: Travell => travelled.

* C¸ch ph¸t ©m:

+ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng lµ ©m (t) vµ (d) khi thªm "ed" => ®äc (id)

Vd: Divie (di ' vaid) => divided (id).

+ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng lµ ©m k, p, f, s, j, tj ®äc lµ (t).

Vd: laught => laughted

- Ngoµi hai trêng hîp trªn, c¸c ®éng tõ cã quy t¾c cßn l¹i ®äc lµ (d).

Vd: Play => Played (d).

VI. Th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn ( the past continous ):

1. Usage:

- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.

Vd: I was doing my home work at 6.pm last Sunday.

- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ kÐ dµi trong mét kho¶ng thêi gian trong qu¸ khø.

Vd: Yesterday, Mr Huy was working in the office all the afternoon.

- Hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø th× cã mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c xen vµo.

Vd:Yesterday, when I came he was sleeping

+ When = as: Khi

+ While: trong khi

Vd: Yesterday,while he was sleeping I came

- Hai hµnh ®éng x¶y ra song song cïng mét lóc ë qu¸ khø.

+ While: trong khi

Vd: Yesterday,while he was sleeping I came

* Kh«ng dïng ®èi víi c¸c ®éng tõ chØ nhËn thøc, tri gi¸c thay vµo ®ã dïng th× qu¸ khø ®¬n.

- to be: th×, lµ, ë

- see: nh×n

- hear: nghe

- understand: hiÓu

- know: biÕt

- like: thÝch

- want: muèn

- feel: c¶m thÊy

- smell: ngöi

- love: yªu

- hate: ghÐt

- seem: dêng nh

- remember: nhí

- forget: quªn

- beliver: tin tëng….

2. From:

S + Was (Were) + V-ing

3. Adv: Dïng víi c¸c tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian cña th× qu¸ khø ®¬n céng thªm phÇn thêi gian x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.

- yesterday: h«m qua Vd: at 7 p.m last night

- last: ®· qua

+ last night: tèi qua

+ last week: tuÇn tríc

+ last month: th¸ng tríc

+ last year: n¨m ngo¸i

+ last Sunday: chñ nhËt tríc

- ago: tríc ®©y

- in + mèc thêi gian trong qu¸ khø ( in 1998 )

VII. Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh: (The present perfect)

1. Usage:

- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng võa míi x¶y ra vµ kÕt thóc so víi thêi ®iÓm nãi.

Vd: I have just finished my homework.

- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu tõ trong qu¸ khø, nhng cßn kÐo dµ ®Õn hiÖn t¹i vµ cã kh¶ n¨ng tiÕp tôc kÐo dµi ®Õn t¬ng lai.

Vd: I have studied English for 5 years.

- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng lÆp ®i, lÆp l¹i nhiÒu lÇn trong qu¸ khø.

Dïng víi: several times: vµi lÇn

Two/ three… times: hai, ba lÇn…

Vd: I have read this book three times.

2. From:

S + have/ has + V- cét 3/ V-ed

S: I, you, we, they, sè nhiÒu + have

S: she, he, it, sè Ýt + has

3. Adv:

- just, recently, lately: võa míi

- ever: ®· tõng

- never: cha tõng

- already: råi

- yet: cha

- since: tõ khi (+ thêi ®iÓm vd: 2001 )

- for: kho¶ng ( + thêi gian vd: 3 years )

- so far = until now = up to now = up to the present:cho ®Õn b©y giê.

VII- Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn

1. Usage:

- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu diÔn ra trong qu¸ khø vÉn ®ang tiÕp tôc ë hiÖn t¹i vµ cßn cã thÓ kÐo dµi tíi t¬ng lai.

2. Form:

S + Have/ Has + been + V-ing

3 Advs: Dïng nh c¸c tr¹ng tõ cña th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh nhng nhÊn m¹nh vÒ thêi gian thùc hiÖn hµnh ®éng.

VD: I have been learning English for 5 years.

Structures: c¸c cÊu tróc

To -V

1. Sau tÝnh tõ (hÇu hÕt) + To V.

Vd: She is happy to live here.

2. Cã c¬ héi ®Ó lµm g×. (môc ®Ých).

Have a chance + to V

3. Sau c¸c ®éng tõ V + to V

V : Gåm c¸c ®éng tõ sau:

- Intent: cã ý ®Þnh

- want: muèn

- like: thÝch

- love: yªu

- seem: dêng nh

-…..

Vd: Huy wants to watch T.V

V-ing

1.Sau giíi tõ hoÆc côm giíi tõ + V-ing: in, on, at, of,…..

Vd: I am interested in leaning English.

2. Sau c¸c ®éng tõ + V-ing

V: gåm c¸c ®éng tõ sau:

- enjoy: thÝch

- like: thÝch

- stop: dõng l¹i

- finish: kÕt thóc

- start: b¾t ®Çu

-……

Vd: Minh enjoys playing tennis.

V- nguyªn

1. Sau c¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu ( ®éng tõ ®Æc biÖt )

§éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu: can, may, must, will, woud, should, have to…+ V-nguyªn.

Vd: I can swim

2. CÊu tróc: Let's + V-nguyªn

Vd: Let's go swimming

Why don't you/we + V-nguyªn

Vd: Why don't you go swimming.

VI - C¸c cÊu tróc theo tõng ®¬n vÞ bµi häc

tõ líp 6 ®Õn líp 9

Kh¸i niÖm tõ lo¹i trong TiÕng Anh:

1. Danh tõ : Lµ c¸c tõ chØ sù vËt, sù viÖc, chØ tªn riªng

Vd: c¸i nhµ ( house ), Lan, giã…..

2. §éng tõ: Lµ c¸c tõ chØ hµnh ®éng, ho¹t ®éng cña ngêi vµ vËt.

Vd: §i ( go ) ch¬i ( play ), thæi ( flow )….

3. TÝnh tõ: Lµ c¸c tõ chØ mµu s¾c, chØ tÝnh chÊt cña sù vËt, sù viÖc.

Vd: mµu ®á ( red ), xinh ®Ñp ( beautyfull ), ®¾t ®á ( expensive )….

4. Tr¹ng tõ: Lµ c¸c tõ chØ møc ®é cña hµnh ®éng ( c¸c tr¹ng tõ chØ tÇn xuÊt ), c¸c tõ chØ n¬i chèn, chØ thêi gian.

Vd: always, Lang S¬n, two months….

Líp 6:

1.There….: Cã…..

- There is a + dt sè Ýt Vd: There is a pen on the table.

- There are + dt sè nhiÒu Vd: There are pens on the table.

2. This/ that/ these/ those: §©y lµ../ Kia lµ…

- This/ that is a + dt sè Ýt: §©y/ kia lµ mét…. Vd: This is a pen

- These/ those are + dt sè nhiÒu: §©y/ kia lµ nh÷ng….. Vd: These are pens.

3. C¸c tõ ®Ó hái ( Question words )

- What: C¸i g×/ g×?

- When : ë ®©u? ( C©u hái vÒ ®Þa ®iÓm )

- Where: Khi nµo? ( C©u hái vÒ thêi gian )

- Who: ai?

- How: bao nhiªu/ nh thÕ nµo?

- Which: C¸i nµo? ( c©u hái lùa chän )

- Why : T¹i sao? ( C©u hái lý do- tr¶ lêi b¾t ®Çu b»ng Because…)

4. §¹i tõ nh©n xng, tÝnh tõ së h÷u, ®¹i tõ së h÷u.

- §¹i tõ nh©n xng: Lµ nh÷ng tõ ®ãng vai trß lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u ( xng danh ).

Vd: I , Lan….

- TÝnh tõ së h÷u: Lµ c¸c tõ dïng ®Ó nãi së h÷u vËt ®ã cña ai. Thêng ®øng tríc danh tõ.

Vd: Her book

- §¹i tõ së h÷u: Lµ c¸c tõ dïng ®Ó nãi vËt thuéc quyÒn së h÷u cña ai nhng thêng kh«ng ®i víi danh tõ ®øng tríc mµ dïng Èn danh tõ.

Vd: This is her hat and that is mine ( My hat ).

§¹i tõ nh©n xng	TÝnh tõ së h÷u	§¹i tõ së h÷u
I: T«i	My: Cña t«i	Mine
You: B¹n	Your: Cña b¹n	Yours
We: Chóng t«i/ta	Our: Cña chóng t«i/ta	Ours
They: Hä	Their: Cña hä	Theirs
She: C« Êy	Her: Cña c«/bµ Êy	Hers
He: Anh Êy	His: Cña cËu/anh Êy	His
It: Nã	Its: Cña nã	its
Tªn riªng: Lan	Lan's: Cña Lan

5. C¸c c¸ch chµo th«ng thêng.

- Hi / hello

- Good morning: Chµo buæi s¸ng

- Good afternooon: Chµo buæi chiÒu

- Good evening: Chµo buæi tèi

- Good night: Chóc ngñ ngon

- Good bye/ Bye: Chµo t¹m biÖt.

6. C¸ch hái vÒ thêi gian ( Time ).

* C¸ch hái giê: What time is it?

- Víi giê ch½n: It is + giê + o' clock

Vd: It is six o'clock.

- Víi giê lÎ: + Nãi giê tríc phót sau

Vd: ( 11h20' ) It is eleven- twenty.

+ Nãi phót tríc giê sau dïng ( past/ to ) (past: qua/ to: kÐm)

Vd: ( 11h 20') It is twenty past eleven.

- Chó ý: 15' = fifteen = a quarter

30' = thirty = half past

Vd: ( 8h 15 ) It is aquater past eight hoÆc It is fifteen past eight.

* C¸h hái giê cña c¸c ho¹t ®éng:

What time do you….?- I…..at……

7. C¸c ngµy trong tuÇn: Dïng gií tõ on + c¸c ngµy trong tuÇn Vd: on Monday

Monday Tuesday Wednesay Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Thø 2 Thø 3 Thø 4 Thø 5 Thø 6 Thø 7 Chñ nhËt

8. C¸c th¸ng trong n¨m: Dïng gií tõ in + c¸c th¸ng trong n¨m Vd: in May

January February March April May June

Th¸ng 1 Th¸ng 2 Th¸ng 3 Th¸ng 4 Th¸ng 5 Th¸ng 6

July August September October November December

Th¸ng 7 Th¸ng 8 Th¸ng 9 Th¸ng 10 Th¸ng 11 Th¸ng 12

9. C¸c mïa, thêi tiÕt trong n¨m

* C¸c mïa ( Seasons ) * C¸c lo¹i thêi tiÕt

- Summer: Mïa hÌ - hot: nãng

- Winter: Mïa ®«ng - cold: l¹nh

- Spring: Mïa xu©n - warm: Êm ¸p

- Fall: Mïa thu - cool: m¸t mÎ

10. C¸c giíi tõ chØ vÞ trÝ:

- In: ë trong

- On: ë trªn

- At: ë t¹i

- near: gÇn

- next to: kÒ s¸t

- in front of: ph¸ tríc

- behind: phÝa sau

- to the left: bªn tr¸i

- to the right: bªn ph¶i

- between: ë gi÷a

- opposite: ®èi diÖn

- in the middle: ë trung t©m

- at the back of: phÝa sau

- in the corner: trong gãc

11. C¸c tÝnh tõ chØ h×nh d¹ng, vãc d¸ng, mµu s¾c thêng dïng víi danh tõ vµ ®i víi ®éng tõ "to be"

Vd: tall - He is tall

big - It is a big school

12. a/ an/ some /any

* Danh tõ: + DT sè Ýt: lµ danh tõ cã mét Vd: a pen

+ DT sè nhiÒu: lµ danh tõ cã tõ 2 trë lªn ta thªm s/ es Vd: pens/ couches

+ Dt ®Õm ®îc: lµ nh÷ng danh tõ cã thÓ dïng sè ®Õm ®Õm ®îcVd: qu¶ cam, ngêi….

+ DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc: lµ nh÷ng danh tõ cÇn ph¶i cã tõ chØ ®¹i lîng ®i kÌm.Vd: g¹o, níc, s÷a, tiÒn…..

* a/ an: mét + Danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®îc/ Dïng trong c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh

Vd: a pen/ an orange

* Some: mét Ýt , mét vµi + danh tõ ®Õm ®îc vµ danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®îc.Dïng trong c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh.

Vd1: some bananas/ some rice

Vd2: There are some books on the table.

* any: nµo c¶ + DT ®Õm ®îc vµ kh«ng ®Õm ®îc. ®îc dïng trong c©u phñ ®Þnh vµ c©u hái nghi vÊn.

Vd1: There are not any books on the table.

Vd2: Are there any milk in the kitchen?

13. afew, a little, a lot/lots of.

- afew: Mét vµi + DT ®Õm ®îc

- a little: mét Ýt + DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc

- a lot/lots of: nhiÒu + DT ®Õm ®îc, kh«ng ®Õm ®îc.

14. C¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu ( ®éng tõ ®Æc biÖt )

- Can : cã thÓ + V- nguyªn

- Must: Ph¶i+ V- nguyªn

* Mét sè ®éng tõ thêng gÆp

- Need: CÇn + to V

- Woud like: thÝch + to V

- Want: muèn + to V

15. So s¸nh h¬n vµ so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt víi tÝnh tõ.

a. So s¸nh h¬n ( Than )

* §èi víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n ( tall, big…)

S1 + be + tÝnh tõ + er + than + S2

Vd; Lan is taller than Hoa

* §èi víi tÝnh tõ dµi ( beautyful, expensive…)

S1 + be + more + tÝnh tõ dµi + than + S2

Vd: Lan is more beautyful than Hoa.

b. So s¸nh h¬n nhÊt ( The )

* §èi víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n

S + the + tÝnh tõ ng¾n + est +…..

Vd: Huy is the tallest.

* §èi víi tÝnh tõ dµi

S + the most + tÝnh tõ dµi +…

Vd: Hoa is the most beautyful in her class.

Líp 7

1. So s¸nh h¬n, kÐm víi danh tõ dïng:

- more: nhiÒu h¬n ( + DT ®Õm ®îc, DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc )

- fewer: Ýt h¬n ( + DT ®Õm ®îc )

- less: Ýt h¬n ( + DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc )

Vd: He works more hours than you.

Vd: Lan has fewer book than Minh

Vd: I feel less scared now.

2. C¸ch dïng : So, too, either, neither

- so, too: Dïng trong c©u ®ång t×nh kh¼ng ®Þnh.

+ so: §øng ®Çu c©u ( dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ )

+ too: §øng cuèi c©u, sau dÊu phÈy. ( dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ )

Vd1: I'm in class 7A

So am I./ I'm, too.

Vd2: I like bananas.

So do I./ I do, too.

- neither, either: Dïng trong c©u ®ång t×nh phñ ®Þnh

+ neither: §øng ®Çu c©u ( dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ )

+ either: §øng cuèi c©u, sau dÊu phÈy. ( dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ )

Vd1: I don't like carrots

Neither do I./ I don't like, either.

3. C¸ch hái vµ tr¶ lêi vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch gi÷a hai ®Þa ®iÓm.

How far is it from …..to……?

It is about…..km/m.

Vd: How far is it from your house to your school?

It is about two km.

4. MÖnh lÖnh kh¼ng ®Þnh, mÖnh lÖnh phñ ®Þnh.

Vd : Remember to do your homework.

Brush your teeth after every meal.

Vd2: Don't be worry.

Don't be late.

5. C¸ch thµnh lËp tr¹ng tõ tõ tÝnh tõ, c¸ch dïng.

* C¸ch dïng:

- TÝnh tõ thêng dïng víi ®éng tõ " to be " hoÆc ®øng tríc danh tõ ®Ó bæ nghÜa cho danh tõ ®ã.

Vd1: She is beautiful.

Vd2: She is beautiful girl.

- Tr¹ng tõ thêng dïng víi ®éng tõ thêng.

Vd: She plays tennis slowly.

* C¸ch thµnh lËp tÝnh tõ sang tr¹ng tõ:

- HÇu hÕt ta thªm ®u«i " ly " vµo tÝnh tõ.

Vd: beautiful => beautifully

Xinh ®Ñp => mét c¸ch ®Ñp.

- Mét sè trêng hîp ®Æc biÖt

Vd: good => well.

6. C¸ch dïng Everyone, everybody; no one, nobody; everything, nothing dïng nh chñ ng÷ sè Ýt.

- everyone, everybody: Mäi ngêi

- no one, nobody: kh«ng ai

- everything, nothing: kh«ng c¸i g×.

- first: tríc tiªn

- next: tiÕp

- then: sau ®ã

- finally: cuèi cïng.

Líp 8

1. CÊu tróc ®ñ ( kh«ng ®ñ )…. ®Ó lµm g×

( Not ) adjective + enough + to V

Vd: He is ( not ) old enough to go to school.

§¹i tõ nh©n xng	§¹i tõ ph¶n th©n
I: T«i	Myself: Tù t«i
You: B¹n	Yourselves Yourself /: tù b¹n
We: Chóng t«i/ta	Ourselves: tù chóng t«i/ta
They: Hä	Theirselves: tù hä
She: C« Êy	Herself: tù c« Êy
He: Anh Êy	Himself: tù cËu/anh Êy
It: Nã	Itselves: Tù nã

Vd: Why didn't do you go to school yesterday?

Because I was ill.

4.Giíi tõ chØ thêi gian

- in + n¨m/ th¸ng n¨m

- on + thø/ thø, ngµy, th¸ng

- at + giê

- after/ before + thêi ®iÓm

- between……and…..Gi÷a hai thêi ®iÓm

5. C¸ch nãi vÒ thãi quen trong qu¸ khø ( used to )

S + used to + Vnguyªn

Vd: When I was a boy, I used to walk to school.

6. C¸ch nãi nªn lµm g× ( should )

S + should + Vnguyªn

Vd: You should learn more.

7. Yªu cÇu, ®Ò nghÞ, khuyªn nhñ trong c¸ch nãi gi¸n tiÕp.

* Yªu cÇu : Command, request, advice…

Told/asked + somebody + to V

Vd: Miss Lan said " please wait for me some minutes "

"Miss Lan told/asked me to wait for her some minutes"

8. So s¸nh víi : like, ( not) as….as, ( not) the same as, different from.

- like…: Gièng nh..

- ( not ) as….as: Gièng/ kh«ng gièng

- ( not ) the same as: Gièng/ kh«ng gièng

- different from: Kh¸c víi

Vd: The magazin is not as large as the newspaper.

Vd: Lipton tea is different from Dimah tea.

9. Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn diÔn t¶ ý t¬ng lai. DiÔn t¶ sù th¨ng tiÕn cµng… cµng….

* DiÔn t¶ ý t¬ng lai

Vd: What are you doing tonight?

I'm whatching TV

* DiÔn t¶ sù th¨ng tiÕn cña mét viÖc hay mét sù viÖc ( Get and come: cµng… cµng… )

Vd: The weather is becoming cold.

10. C¸ch nãi chØ môc ®Ých : in order to, so as to : §Ó lµm….

…in order to/ so as to + Vnguyªn

Vd: I always kep the widow open in order to let fresh air in.

11. Lêi mêi, lêi yªu cÇu víi " Would…."

* Lêi mêi:

Would/ do you mind If + 1 clause

Vd: Would/ do you mind If I open the door.

* Lêi yªu cÇu ai ®ã lµm g×:

Would/ do you mind + V-ing

Vd: Would/ do you mind opening the door.

12. Danh tõ ghÐp : Lµ danh tõ ®îc thµnh lËp díi d¹ng hai danh tõ ghÐp nhau hoÆc danh tõ ghÐp víi ®éng tõ, ®îc nèi víi nhau b»ng dÊu c¸ch hoÆc kh«ng cã.

Vd: rice- cooking

Vd: Lang Son city

13. Question words before + to V

Question words (- What - When - Where - Who - How - Which -Why)

Vd: Nga told Nhi how to go there.

Líp 9

1. C©u íc

- wish, S + V2/ed

- wish, S + were

Vd: I wish, I were older.

Vd: I wish, I lived in Ha Noi.

- wish, S + had + V3/ed

Vd: Linh wishes, she had wathed TV last night.

Vd: He wishes, he had been at home last Sunday.

If + V hiÖn t¹i, will + V

Vd: If you learn more, you will get good mark

If + Ved/cét2, woud/coud+ V

Vd: If I were you, I woudn't love him

Vd: If he had lots of money, he coud buy a big house.

- Bá dÊu ngoÆc kÐp

- Thay ®æi chñ ng÷

- Thay ®æi th× cña ®éng tõ ( lïi l¹i mét th× )

- Thay ®æi tÝnh tõ së h÷u

- Thay ®æi c¸c tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn…

Direct speech		Reported speech
Tense	HiÖn t¹i ®¬n	Qu¸ khø ®¬n
	HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn	Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn
	Qu¸ khø d¬n	Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh/ Qu¸ khø ®¬n
	Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn	Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn/ Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn
	HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh	Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh
	HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn	Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn
	Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh	Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh
	Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn	Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn
§éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu	May Can Must/might/coud/soud/ought to	Might Coud Must/might/coud/soud/ought to
Time	now today tonight tomorrow yesterday last night two days ago	then/ immediately that day that night the next day/ the following day the day before/ the previous day the night before two days before/ two days earlier
Place	here	There
Demostrative heads	This these	That those

* Chó ý:

- Lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp lµ têng thuËt l¹i ý cña ngêi nãi

- NÕu ®éng tõ cña mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ë th× hiÖn t¹i/ hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh/ th× t¬ng lai th× trong lêi trÝch dÉn ta chØ thay ®æi phÇn ®¹i tõ ( chñ ng÷ ).

Vd: the farmer says " I hope it will rain tomorrow"

=> the farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow.

- NÕu ®éng tõ cña mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ë th× qu¸ khø th× trong lêi trÝch dÉn ta ph¶i thay ®æi toµn bé c¸c phÇn cÇn thay ®æi.

Vd: Miss Lan said " I will go to Hue tomorrow"

=> Miss Lan said she woud go to Hue the following day.

§éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh lµ: asked, wondered, inquired…

Vd: She asked me " Do you live here ? "

=> She asked me if I lived there.

§éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh lµ: asked, wondered, inquired…

Vd: He wondered " what time does the film start?"

=> He wondered what time the film started.

- Dïng " by…" cho c¸c chñ ng÷ x¸c ®Þnh trong c©u chñ ®éng( chuyÓn vÒ thµnh t©n ng÷, ®øng tríc tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian vµ sau tr¹ng tõ chØ n¬i chèn ).

S + be + Ved/ cét 3

Vd: They grow rice in tropical countries.

=> Rice is grown in the tropical countries.

* T¬ng øng c¸c th×

a. HiÖn t¹i ®¬n

S + am/is/are + Ved/ cét3

b. Qu¸ khø ®¬n

S + was/were + Ved/ cét3

c. HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn

S + am/is/are + being + Ved/ cét3

d. Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn

S + was/were + being + Ved/ cét3

e. T¬ng lai ®¬n

S + will + be + Ved/ cét3

f. T¬ng lai gÇn

S + am/is/are+ be + Ved/ cét3

g. HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh

S + have/has + been + Ved/ cét3

h. Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh

S + had + been + Ved/ cét3

S + VkhuyÕt thiÕu + be + Ved/ cét3

Vd: Minh must do this exercise carefully.

=>This exercise must be done carefully by Minh.

5. MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ ( relative pronouns )

* MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ lµm chñ ng÷

+ Thay cho ngêi : who

+ Thay cho vËt : which

+ Thay cho ngêi : whom

+ Thay cho vËt : which

* MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ së h÷u

+ Thay cho ngêi : whose

+ Thay cho vËt : whose/ of which

- That people is a teacher. He stands near my house.

=> That people who stands near my house is a teacher.

- This people is a teacher. Minh is talking with him.

=> This people whom Minh is talking with is a teacher.

- Cã hai vÕ: NÕu vÕ ®Çu lµ kh¼ng ®Þnh th× vÕ ®u«i lµ phñ ®Þnh vµ ngîc l¹i.

- Chó ý c¸ch dïng tr¹ng tõ ®Ó hái ë ®u«i ph¶i ®óng víi th× ë vÕ ®Çu.

Vd: You like watching TV, don't you?

You don't like watching TV, do you?

Has he read this book, hasn't he?

7. MÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng tõ ( adverb clauses )

* MÖnh ®Ò chØ lý do: Because/ since: bëi v×

Vd: Because it rained, they didn't walk to school.

<=>They didn't walk to school since it rained.

* MÖnh ®Ò chØ kÕt qu¶: so : v× vËy

Vd: Because it rained, so they didn't walk to school.

* MÖnh ®Ò chØ sù nhîng bé : although/ though/even though: mÆc dï

- Though: Thêng ®øng ë vÕ thø hai
- even though: Thêng ®øng ë vÕ thø hai

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